Factors Related to Depressive Complaints on Climacteric: a Cross-Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3823/1843Keywords:
Climacterium, Depression, Risk factors, Socioeconomic Factors.Abstract
Introduction: Climacterium is a period of a woman's life, between 35 and 65 years old, marked by hormonal and biopsychosocial changes that can lead to the onset of depressive symptoms. The aim was to identify the prevalence of and factors associated with depressive symptoms in climacteric women.
Method: An exploratory study, of cross-sectional type research, was carried out in Cajazeiras, ParaÃba, Brazil, from January 2013 to March 2014. The sample included 411 women aged 40 to 60. Data collection was done by interviews using a structured script. Mean and standard deviation of age variables and per capita income were identified. For correlation between the variables, we used odds ratios (CI 95%), the X² and Fisher's Exact Test, with a significance level of 5%.
Results: The average age of women was 49.73 (± 5.799) years. Depressive complaints prevailed in 68.1%, associated with advanced age (p = 0.009; OR: 1693 [CI 1113–2577]), low education (p = 0.022; OR: 1568 [CI 1032–2382]), lower per capita income (p = 0.043; OR: 1553 [CI 1012–2384]), unpaid labor activity (p = 0.013; OR: 1641 [CI 1079–2495]), menopausal/postmenopausal (p = 0.011; OR: 1667 [CI 1092–2545]), sexual activity with complaint (p < 0.001 [OR: 2.777; [CI 1628–4737]) and the presence of at least one disease (p < 0.001; OR: 2230 [CI 1445–3440]).
Conclusion: Understanding and addressing the factors related to depressive complaints during climacterium supports the importance of conducting disease prevention programmes, thus delaying the onset of morbidity and improving quality of life.
References
De Lorenzi DRS, Catan LB, Moreira K, Ãrtico GR. Assistance to the climacteric woman: new paradigms. Rev Bras Enferm [Internet] 2009 Apr; 62(2): 287-293. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672009000200019.
IBGE. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatÃstica. Expectativa de vida ao nascer, 2013. http://saladeimprensa.ibge.gov.br/noticias?view=noticia&id=1&busca=1&idnoticia=2773. Accessed 26 Dec 2014.
Ministério da Saúde (BR). Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Manual de Atenção à Mulher no Climatério/Menopausa. BrasÃlia: Ministério da Saúde; 2008. bvsms.saude.gov.br/.../manual_atencao_mulher_climaterio.pdf. Accessed 02 Feb 2015.
Galvão LLLF, Farias MCS, Azevedo PRM, Vilar MJP, Azevedo GD. Prevalence of mental disorders and assessment of quality of life in the climaterium. Rev Assoc Med Bras São Paulo 2007 sept/oct; 53(5): 414-20. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-42302007000500017
De Lorenzi DRS, Danelon C, Saciloto B, Padilha Jr I. Predicting factors of climacteric symptoms. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2005 jan; 27(1): 7-11. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-72032005000100004
Berlezi EM, Balzan A, Cadore BF, Pillatt AP, Winkelmann ER. Histórico de transtornos disfóricos no perÃodo reprodutivo e a associação com sintomas sugestivos de depressão na pós-menopausa. Revista Brasileira de geriatria e gerontologia [Internet] 2013; 16(2): 273-83. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1809-98232013000200007
Polisseni ÃF, Araújo DAC, Polisseni F, Mourão Junior CA, Polisseni J, Fernandes ES, et al. Depressão e ansiedade em mulheres climatéricas: fatores associados. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2009 mar; 31(1): 28-34. doi:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-72032009000300003
Niedhammer I, Malard L, Chastang J-F. Occupational factors and subsequent major depressive and generalized anxiety disorders in the prospective French national SIP study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15: 200 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/15/200 doi: 10,1186 / s12889-015-1559-y.
IBGE. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatÃstica. IBGE cidades@. Cajazeiras – PB: dados básicos. http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=250370. Accessed 12 Jan 2015.
Stefanis CN, Stefanis NC. Diagnóstico de desordens depressiva: uma revisão. In: M Maj & N Sartorius (Orgs.). Desordens depressiva. Porto Alegre: Editora Artes Médicas, 2005: 13-76.
Wender COM, Freitas F, De Castro JAS, Vanin C. Climatério. In: Freitas F, Menke CH, Rivoire WA, Passos EP. Rotinas em ginecologia. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2011: 542-60.
Jardim S. Depressão e trabalho: ruptura de laço social. Revista Brasileira de Saúde Ocupacional São Paulo 2011 jan/june; 36(123): 84-92. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0303-76572011000100008&lng=en&nrm=iso. Accessed 21 Nov 2014.
Berni NIO, Luz MH, Kohlrausch SC. Conhecimento, percepções e assistência à saúde da mulher no climatério. Rev Bras Enferm [Internet] BrasÃlia 2007 may/june; 60( 3 ): 299-306. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71672007000300010.
Silva MNM, Brito LMO, Chein MBC, Brito LGO, Navarro PAAS. Depressão em mulheres climatéricas: análise de mulheres atendidas ambulatorialmente em um hospital universitário no Maranhão, Brasil. Revista de psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre 2008 may/aug; 30(2): 150-4. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81082008000300011.
Nievas AF, Furegato ARF, Iannetta O, Santos JLF. Depressão no climatério: indicadores biopsicossociais. J bras psiquiatr [Internet] Rio de Janeiro 2006; 55(4): 274-9. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0047-20852006000400003.
Fernandes RCL, Rozenthal M. Depressive symptoms in climacteric women evaluated by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Revista de psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre 2008 sept/dec; 30(3): 192-200. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81082008000400008.
Cohen LS, Soares CN, Vitones AF, Otto MW, Harlow BL. Risk for new onset of depression during the menopausal transition: the Harvard study of moods and cycles. Arch Gen Psychiatry Boston 2006 apr; 63(4):385-90. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.4.385.
Martins RV, Barreto JM. Depression in middle-aged women. In: II Nacional Gênero e Práticas Culturais: cultras, leituras e representações. 29-30 outubro 2009; João Pessoa. João Pessoa: Centro de Educação, UFPB PB; 2009. p. 1-9. http://itaporanga.net/genero/gt6/22.pdf. Accessed 12 Dec 2014.
Veras AB, Rassi A, Yukizaki LMG, Novo LD, Franco FS, Nardi AE. Impacto dos transtornos depressivos e ansiosos sobre as manifestações da menopausa. Revista de psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre 2007 dec; 29(3): 315-20. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81082007000300011.
Alves LC, Rodrigues RN. Determinants of self-rated health among elderly persons in São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2005 may-jun; 17(5-6): 333-41. doi: 10.1590/S1020-49892005000500005 PMCID: PMC16053643
Mello MF, Mello AAF, Kohn R. Epidemiologia da saúde mental no Brasil. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2007.
Costa GMC, Gualda DMR. Conhecimento e significado cultural da menopausa para um grupo de mulheres. Rev Esc Enferm USP [Internet] 2008 mar; 42(1): 81-9. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0080-62342008000100011.
Poli MEH, Schwanke CHA, Cruz IBM. The menopause in the gerontologic view. Sci Med (Porto Alegre) 2010 apr/june; 20(2), 176-84. Available from: http://revistaseletronicas.pucrs.br/ojs/index.php/scientiamedica/article/view/5893/5428. Accessed 14 Nov 2014
Hildrum B, Mykletun A, Stordal E, Bjelland I, Dahl AA, Holmen J. Association of low blood pressure with anxiety and depression: the Nord-Trondelag Health Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2007; 61: 53-8. doi:10.1136/jech.2005.044966
Hildrum B, Homild U, Holmen J. Anxiety and depression lowers blood pressure: 22-year follow-up of the population based HUNT study, Norway. BMC Public Health 2011; 11: 601. Publicado on-line 28 de julho 2011 doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-601
Blumenthal JA, Newman M, Babyak MA, Lett HS, Mark D. Depression as a risk factor for mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery. Lancet 2003 nov; 362(9384): 604-9. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14704-6
WJ Katon. Epidemiology and treatment of depression in patients with chronic medical illness. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2011; 13(1): 7-23. PMCID: PMC3181964
Wang HM, Beyer M, Gensichen J, Gerlach FM. Health-related quality of life among general practice patients with differing chronic diseases in Germany: cross sectional survey. BMC Public Health. Germany 2008; 8: 246. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-246
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access and Benefits of Publishing Open Access).
Â
Â
