A review of use of antibiotics in dentistry and recommendations for rational antibiotic usage by dentists.
Keywords:
antibiotics, dentistry, endodontics, periodontics, rational use of antibioticsAbstract
Dentists commonly prescribe antibiotics for controlling and treating dental infections. But there is a widespread abuse of antibiotics in medical and dental field. The inappropriate use of antibiotics results in increased treatment costs, increased risk of adverse events related to the antibiotic used and most importantly development and propagation of antimicrobial resistance. The definitive indications for use of antibiotics in dentistry are limited and specific. This review discusses the various principles and rationale behind antibiotic therapy in different fields of dentistry with stress on rational antibiotic use in dentistry.
References
World Health Organization. WHO Expert Consultation on Rabies. Second report. World Health Organ. Tech. Rep. Ser. 2013;1–139, back cover.
Goud SR, Nagesh L, Fernandes S. Are we eliminating cures with antibiotic abuse? A study among dentists. Niger. J. Clin. Pract. 2012;15:151–5.
Harrison JW, Svec TA. The beginning of the end of the antibiotic era? Part I. The problem: abuse of the “miracle drugs.â€Quintessence Int. Berl. Ger. 1985. 1998;29:151–62.
Morrow S. Use and Abuse of antibiotics. Am. Assoc. Endodontists - Colleagues Excell. Newsl. [Internet]. Winter. 2012 [cited 2014 Jun 23]; Available from: http://www.aae.org/uploadedfiles/publications_and_research/endodontics_colleagues_for_excellence_newsletter/ecfewinter12final.pdf
Dar-Odeh NS, Abu-Hammad OA, Al-Omiri MK, Khraisat AS, Shehabi AA. Antibiotic prescribing practices by dentists: a review. Ther. Clin. Risk Manag. 2010;6:301–6.
Salako NO, Rotimi VO, Adib SM, Al-Mutawa S. Pattern of antibiotic prescription in the management of oral diseases among dentists in Kuwait. J. Dent. 2004;32:503–9.
Filoche S, Wong L, Sissons CH. Oral Biofilms: Emerging Concepts in Microbial Ecology. J. Dent. Res. 2010;89:8–18.
Ruby J, Barbeau J. The buccale puzzle: The symbiotic nature of endogenous infections of the oral cavity. Can. J. Infect. Dis. 2002;13:34–41.
Costerton JW. Introduction to biofilm. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 1999;11:217–221; discussion 237–239.
Joseph J, Rodvold KA. The role of carbapenems in the treatment of severe nosocomial respiratory tract infections. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 2008;9:561–75.
Poveda Roda R, Bagán JV, Sanchis Bielsa JM, Carbonell Pastor E. Antibiotic use in dental practice: A review. Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal Internet. 2007;12:186–92.
Newman MG, Winkelhoff AJ van. Antibiotic and antimicrobial use in dental practice. Quintessence Pub. Co.; 2001.
Miloro M, Larsen P. Peterson’s Principles of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. PMPH-USA; 2004.
Fouad AF. Are antibiotics effective for endodontic pain? Endod. Top. 2002;3:52–66.
Lumley P. Penicillin does not provide effective pain relief for untreated irreversible pulpitis. Evid. Based Dent. 2002;3:72–72.
Nagle D, Reader A, Beck M, Weaver J. Effect of systemic penicillin on pain in untreated irreversible pulpitis. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. 2000;90:636–40.
Peedikayil F. Antibiotics: Use and misuse in pediatric dentistry. J. Indian Soc. Pedod. Prev. Dent. 2011;29:282.
Shetty DN. Mid treatment flare-ups in endodontics –A dilemma. EndodontologyIndian Endod. Soc. [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2014 Jun 23];17. Available from: http://eprints.manipal.edu/1192/
Rosenberg PA. Clinical strategies for managing endodontic pain. Endod. Top. 2002;3:78–92.
Cope A, Francis N, Wood F, Mann MK, Chestnutt IG. Systemic antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis and acute apical abscess in adults. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2014;6:CD010136.
Monteiro AV, Ribeiro FV, Casarin RCV, Cirano FR, Pimentel SP, Casati MZ. Evaluation of the use of systemic antimicrobial agents by professionals for the treatment of periodontal diseases. Braz. J. Oral Sci. 2013;12:285–91.
Addy M, Martin MV. Systemic antimicrobials in the treatment of chronic periodontal diseases: a dilemma. Oral Dis. 2003;9 Suppl 1:38–44.
Newman MG, Takei H, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2011.
Taylor GW. Bidirectional interrelationships between diabetes and periodontal diseases: an epidemiologic perspective. Ann. Periodontol. Am. Acad. Periodontol. 2001;6:99–112.
O’Connell PAA, Taba M, Nomizo A, Foss Freitas MC, Suaid FA, Uyemura SA, et al. Effects of periodontal therapy on glycemic control and inflammatory markers. J. Periodontol. 2008;79:774–83.
Teeuw WJ, Gerdes VEA, Loos BG. Effect of Periodontal Treatment on Glycemic Control of Diabetic Patients A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:421–7.
Iwamoto Y, Nishimura F, Nakagawa M, Sugimoto H, Shikata K, Makino H, et al. The effect of antimicrobial periodontal treatment on circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha and glycated hemoglobin level in patients with type 2 diabetes. J. Periodontol. 2001;72:774–8.
Grossi SG, Skrepcinski FB, DeCaro T, Robertson DC, Ho AW, Dunford RG, et al. Treatment of periodontal disease in diabetics reduces glycated hemoglobin. J. Periodontol. 1997;68:713–9.
Aimetti M, Romano F, Guzzi N, Carnevale G. Full-mouth disinfection and systemic antimicrobial therapy in generalized aggressive periodontitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2012;39:284–94.
Winkel EG, Van Winkelhoff AJ, Timmerman MF, Van der Velden U, Van der Weijden GA. Amoxicillin plus metronidazole in the treatment of adult periodontitis patients. A double-blind placebo-controlled study. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2001;28:296–305.
Van Winkelhoff AJ, Tijhof CJ, de Graaff J. Microbiological and clinical results of metronidazole plus amoxicillin therapy in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans-associated periodontitis. J. Periodontol. 1992;63:52–7.
Xajigeorgiou C, Sakellari D, Slini T, Baka A, Konstantinidis A. Clinical and microbiological effects of different antimicrobials on generalized aggressive periodontitis. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2006;33:254–64.
Ahuja A, Baiju C, Ahuja V. Role of antibiotics in generalized aggressive periodontitis: A review of clinical trials in humans. J. Indian Soc. Periodontol. 2012;16:317.
Guerrero JS. Use of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in oral surgical procedures: a critical review. J. Calif. Dent. Assoc. 2008;36:943–50.
Kaczmarzyk T. Abuse of antibiotic prophylaxis in third molar surgeries. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2009;67:2551–2.
Sancho-Puchades M, Herráez-Vilas JM, Berini-Aytés L, Gay-Escoda C. Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent local infection in Oral Surgery: use or abuse? Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal. 2009;14:E28–33.
Lodi G, Figini L, Sardella A, Carrassi A, Del Fabbro M, Furness S. Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. [Internet]. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 1996 [cited 2014 Jun 24]. Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003811.pub2/abstract
Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Worthington HV. Interventions for replacing missing teeth: antibiotics at dental implant placement to prevent complications. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2013;7:CD004152.
Ahmad N, Saad N. Effects of Antibiotics on Dental Implants: A Review. J. Clin. Med. Res. 2012;4:1–6.
Tan WC, Ong M, Han J, Mattheos N, Pjetursson BE, Tsai AY-M, et al. Effect of systemic antibiotics on clinical and patient-reported outcomes of implant therapy - a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 2014;25:185–93.
Antibiotic and Antimicrobial Use in Dental Practice, Second Edition [Internet]. [cited 2014 Jun 23]. Available from: http://www.quintpub.com/display_detail.php3?psku=B3970#.U6hpoHJmOW8
Chole RA, Yee J. Antibiotic prophylaxis for facial fractures. A prospective, randomized clinical trial. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 1987;113:1055–7.
Lauder A, Jalisi S, Spiegel J, Stram J, Devaiah A. Antibiotic prophylaxis in the management of complex midface and frontal sinus trauma. The Laryngoscope. 2010;120:1940–5.
Lauder A, Devaiah A. Antibiotic prophylaxis in the surgical management of facial trauma. The Laryngoscope. 2010;120 Suppl 4:S232.
Lovato C, Wagner JD. Infection rates following perioperative prophylactic antibiotics versus postoperative extended regimen prophylactic antibiotics in surgical management of mandibular fractures. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. Off. J. Am. Assoc. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2009;67:827–32.
Topazian RG, Goldberg MH, Hupp JR. Oral and maxillofacial infections. W.B. Saunders Co.; 2002.
Bobhate P, Pinto RJ. Summary of the new guidelines for prevention of Infective Endocarditis: Implications for the developing countries. Ann. Pediatr. Cardiol. 2008;1:56–8.
Centre for Clinical Practice at NICE (UK). Prophylaxis Against Infective Endocarditis: Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Against Infective Endocarditis in Adults and Children Undergoing Interventional Procedures [Internet]. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (UK); 2008 [cited 2014 Jul 14]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK51789/
Habib G, Hoen B, Tornos P, Thuny F, Prendergast B, Vilacosta I, et al. Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infective endocarditis (new version 2009) The Task Force on the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur. Heart J. 2009;ehp285.
Rahman N, Rogers S, Ryan D, Healy C, Flint S. Infective endocarditis prophylaxis and the current AHA, BSAC, NICE and Australian guidelines. J. Ir. Dent. Assoc. 2008;54:264–70.
Wilson W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M, Lockhart PB, Baddour LM, Levison M, et al. Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation. 2007;116:1736–54.
Guntheroth WG. How important are dental procedures as a cause of infective endocarditis? Am. J. Cardiol. 1984;54:797–801.
Hamedani S. A Clinical Practice Update on the Latest AAOS/ADA Guideline (December 2012) on Prevention of Orthopaedic Implant Infection in Dental Patients. J. Dent. 2013;14:49–52.
Watters W, Rethman MP, Hanson NB, Abt E, Anderson PA, Carroll KC, et al. Prevention of Orthopaedic Implant Infection in Patients Undergoing Dental Procedures. J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. 2013;21:180–9.
Beliveau D, Magnusson I, Bidwell JA, Zapert EF, Aukhil I, Wallet SM, et al. Benefits of Early Systemic Antibiotics in Localized Aggressive Periodontitis. A Retrospective Study. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2012;39:1075–81.
Renvert S, Roos-Jansåker A-M, Claffey N. Non-surgical treatment of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: a literature review. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2008;35:305–15.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access and Benefits of Publishing Open Access).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.
Articles are published Under License of Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License ©
Copyright policies & self-archiving
This is our Copyright Policy. We are a RoMEO green journal.
| Author's Pre-print: |  author can archive pre-print (ie pre-refereeing) |
| Author's Post-print: | author can archive post-print (ie final draft post-refereeing) |
| Publisher's Version/PDF: | author can archive publisher's version/PDF |
